History of Diwali, one of the most popular festivals in India
Diwali (Deepavali), also known as the Festival of Lights, has ancient roots in Indian history and mythology. It is celebrated by Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, and some Buddhists, each with their own significance attached to the festival.
For Hindus, Diwali marks the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after 14 years of exile and his victory over the demon king Ravana. The people of Ayodhya celebrated his return by lighting rows of oil lamps (diyas), which is where the name Deepavali ("row of lights") comes from.
In other regions, it also commemorates Lord Krishna's victory over the demon Narakasura, symbolizing the triumph of good over evil. For many, it is also associated with the goddess Lakshmi, the deity of wealth and prosperity, who is worshipped during the festival.
Jains celebrate Diwali as the day Lord Mahavira attained nirvana in 527 BCE.
Sikhs observe it as Bandi Chhor Divas, marking the release of Guru Hargobind Ji from Mughal imprisonment.
Over time, Diwali has evolved into a major cultural celebration in India and among Indian communities worldwide, featuring fireworks, sweets, gifts, and the decoration of homes with lamps and rangoli.
